Consumer responses: how quick are they?
Ignoring the potential delayed reactions of consumers when thinking about investment, pricing, or competition cases, or when evaluating changes in consumer behaviour, could lead to biased policy conclusions. This article highlights these limitations and presents ways in which they may be overcome. It also discusses implications for undertaking future modelling exercises.
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The 2023 annual law on the market and competition: new developments for motorway concessions in Italy
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