Climate change is driving extreme weather events, with a marked 83% increase in recorded climate disasters between 1980–1999 and 2000–2019. These events disproportionately impact vulnerable regions and socio-economic groups across the world, compounding existing challenges for those already disadvantaged. The impacts of climate-related extreme weather events span a complex array… Read More
Oxera welcomes the European Commission’s initiative to provide formal guidelines in the area of exclusionary abuse under Article 102. We agree with the stated objectives to enhance legal predictability and to provide a workable effects-based approach to enforcement. In our response, we highlight a number of areas where… Read More
Regional airports in the EU play a crucial role in connectivity, serving 724 destinations and offering 14,600 routes within the EU (as of 2017). Under current state aid rules, these airports can receive operating aid if they handle fewer than 3 million passengers per year, a provision extended to 4… Read More
A well-functioning equity market is expected to offer liquidity, efficient price formation, low trading costs, innovation, and resilient infrastructure for end-investors. Since the introduction of MiFID I in 2007, concerns have been raised about the fragmentation of liquidity across multiple venues, and this has been central to much of the… Read More
This report considers the investability of the water sector in England and Wales, in light of Ofwat’s recent PR24 Draft Determinations and the wider market for infrastructure investment. Oxera’s report has been informed by a detailed analysis of Ofwat’s proposals, as well as direct engagement with over 30 major investors… Read More
Oxera recently supported GO Malta in its engagement with the Malta Communications Authority (MCA)’s consultation on the regulation of wholesale access services for fixed broadband in Malta. The Maltese market features two main network operators—GO and Melita—with a third operator, Epic, recently entering the market. The MCA’s market review consultation… Read More
The Institute of Biomedical Science (‘IBMS’) commissioned Oxera to assess the economic impact of the activities of Biomedical Scientists, with particular emphasis on their contributions within the bowel cancer patient pathway in England. As Health and Care Professions Council (‘HCPC’) registrant professionals, Biomedical Scientists play a key role within the… Read More
Health inequalities are unfair and avoidable differences in health across the population in England. They are to a large extent driven by individuals’ differences in socio-economic circumstances, such as levels of income, employment, education and exposure to crime and are measured by deprivation. High levels of deprivation can have wide-ranging… Read More
Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) models have recently been garnering the attention of the public and policymakers alike, and how best to regulate foundation models (and AI more generally) is subject of widespread debate. This report prepared for Meta contributes to the debate regarding AI policy and regulation in two main… Read More
On 14 March 2023, the European Commission published its proposals for reform of the electricity market design. This followed a period of prolonged high electricity and gas prices, during which several stakeholders highlighted the challenges of the current market design, advocating for changes to the current arrangements. More recently, the… Read More
